The Book of Zechariah, one of the last books of the Old Testament prophets, is a text rich in messianic visions and prophecies. Zechariah prophesies during the same period as Haggai, after the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon, and his message concerns the restoration of Jerusalem, the rebuilding of the Temple, and the coming of the Messiah. This is how the Catholic Church interprets and understands the Book of Zechariah:
I- Historical Context: Return from Exile and Reconstruction of the Temple
Zechariah begins his prophetic ministry in 520 BC. BC, shortly after the return of the exiles from Babylon. The context is marked by the efforts to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, interrupted by opposition and discouragement. The prophet encourages the people to continue the work by reminding them of God's faithfulness and his promises of restoration and blessing.
II- The Eight Visions of Zechariah: Hope and Encouragement
The book of Zechariah is particularly known for its eight visions, given to the prophet in the first part of his ministry. These visions include images such as horses of different colors, a man with a measuring line for Jerusalem, and a golden lampstand with two olive trees. Each vision carries a message of encouragement and divine promise, affirming that God is at work to protect, purify and restore his people.
III- The Vision of the High Priest Joshua: Purification and Restoration
In the third vision, Zechariah sees the high priest Joshua accused by Satan but defended and cleansed by God (Zechariah 3:1-7). This vision symbolizes the purification and justification of God's people. For Catholics, this vision foreshadows the role of Jesus Christ, our high priest, who cleanses us from our sins and defends us before the throne of God.
IV- Governor Zerubbabel and the Reconstruction of the Temple
Zechariah also prophesies about the role of Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah, in rebuilding the Temple. He receives assurance that, not by power nor by might, but by the Spirit of God, the Temple will be completed (Zechariah 4:6). This prophecy encourages Catholics to recognize the power of the Holy Spirit in carrying out the works of God and in the life of the Church.
V. The Messianic Prophecies: The Coming King
Zechariah contains several messianic prophecies, including the promise of a humble and righteous king who will come riding on a donkey (Zechariah 9:9). This prophecy is fulfilled by Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem, celebrated on Palm Sunday. Catholics see in these prophecies a clear announcement of the coming of Christ and his kingdom of peace and justice.
VI. The Restoration of Jerusalem and the End Times
Zechariah chapters 12-14 speak of the future glory of Jerusalem and eschatological events. Zechariah prophesies a time of great battle, cleansing, and the coming of the Lord to reign over all the earth. These passages are interpreted by Catholics as visions of the end times, where God will establish his definitive reign of justice and peace.
VII- The Call to Repentance and Justice
Zechariah begins his book with a call to repentance, urging the people to turn from their evil ways and return to God (Zechariah 1:3-6). It also emphasizes the importance of justice, mercy and fidelity in community life. For Catholics, these calls remind us of the importance of personal and social conversion, and of living in accordance with the teachings of the Gospel.